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Francis Andrade ¹, H. B. Aravinda ², E. T. Puttaiah ³

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Environmental Science, Kuvempu University, Shankeraghatta, Shimoga-577 451, Karnataka, IN
2 Dept. of Civil Engineering, Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davangere-577 004, Karnataka, IN
3 Gulbarga University, Gulbarga-577 451, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Mangalore coast is a stretch of about 22 Kms at the western part of the Western Ghats of the Indian peninsula. This area is receiving huge quantity of pollution load from the major industries and factories located nearby. This pollution load is discharged into the sea either directly or through the major west flowing rivers of the region, Nethravathi and Gurupura. The pollution load includes runoff of the sediment, waste from oil refineries, nutrients and pesticides, iron ore residues from the nearby iron are company and chemicals from the chemical factory from the point source. Water quality is also altered due to the addition of municipal and sewage wastes discharged into the sea. The pollutants encountered include both the biodegradable (vegetable waste&dead fish) and non-biodegradable (plastic bags, cans and metal materials). The samples analyzed for the various physico-chemical parameters revealed the alkaline condition and low in dissolved oxygen concentration. The concentration of these components were compared with WHO standards and found to be deviated highly.

Keywords

Mangalore, Coastal Pollution, Sediment, Pesticide, Water Quality, Human Environment

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S. B. Basavaraddi ¹, Heena Kouser ², E. T. Puttaiah ³

Affiliations
1 Gulbarga University, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Environmental Science, Kuvempu University, Shankargatta-577 451, Karnataka, IN
3 Deptt. of Physics, Kalpataru First Grade College, Tiptur, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Tiptur Taluk is located in the southeastern corner of Karnataka state at north latitude 13°16' and east longitude of 76°29'. The Taluk spreads over an area of 785.5 sq.km and frequently face water scarcity as well as quality problems. The major sources of employment are coconut business and agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry covering almost 70 to 80% of the workforce. Water samples were collected from 50 locations during the period of summer and winter season, 2009-11. The class of groundwater belonged to C2S1, C3S1 and suitability of water for irrigation was evaluated based on the sodium adsorption ratio, Na%, salinity hazard and USSL diagram.

Keywords

Groundwater, Hydro-Chemical Analysis, Sodium Adsorption Ratio, % Sodium, USSL Diagram.

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S. B. Basavaraddi ¹, Hina Kousar ¹, E. T. Puttaiah ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Environmental Science, Kuvempu University, Shankargatta-577 451, Karnataka, IN
2 Gulbarga University, Gulbarga-585 106, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Groundwater is one of the boon provided by nature but indiscriminate urbanization, industrialization and overexploitation have led to its deterioration both in its quality and quantity. Fluorides are mainly found in groundwater derived by the solvent action of water on the rocks and the soil of the earth's crust. It is the most electro-negative of all chemical elements and is never encountered in nature in the element form. Imbalance of fluoride concentration causes effect on human life. A total of 50 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters as well as fluoride content. The groundwater samples were collected in sterilized polyethylene plastic bottles and then immediately analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, total hardness, chloride and alkalinity. The fluoride concentration in some sample locations like S8, S10, S21, S32 and S48 were nearing the maximum permissible value of 1.5mg/L and in all other samples it ranged between 0.37 mg/L to 1.48mg/L. It was found that out of 50 samples, about 90% were within permissible limit while 10% had fluoride approaching maximal permissible limit (1.5mg/L). Fluoride is an essential mineral for human life and for animals within permissible limit. The present study becomes essential for the people of Tiptur town and its surrounding areas to lead a healthy life, as they depend on groundwater resources to a great extent.

Keywords

Tiptur Town, Groundwater, Fluoride Toxicity, Fluorosis.

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Francis Andrade ¹, H. B. Aravinda ², E. T. Puttaiah ¹

Affiliations
1 Deptt. of Environmental Science, Kuvempu University, Shankeraghatta-577 451, Distt. Shimoga, Karnataka, IN
2 Deptt. of Civil Engineering, Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davangere-577 004, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Mangalore coast is present at the western part of the Western Ghats of the Indian peninsula located at 12°49'N and stretched to about 22 kms. This region is meant for many useful and convenient sources for the development of the country's economy. Because of its scenic beauty, it attracts huge crowd of tourists across the globe. Along with the tourism, this coastal region also receives pollution load from the various industries located nearby. The preliminary study carried out at the coastal region of Mangalore by considering six randomly selected study sites, located at points where river water enters the sea. Various parameters of water analysis in these study sites have revealed differences from one site to the other. The mean values of the estimated characteristics were represented graphically. These values prompt to carry out further research to substantiate using statistical methods.

Keywords

Mangalore Coastal Waters, Physicochemical, Characterisrics, Pollution.

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B. Ananthnag ¹, D. Naveen ¹, E. T. Puttaiah ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Environmental Science, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577 451, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Biodiesel is the name of a clean burning alternative fuel produced from domestic, renewable resources and it can be blended at any level with petroleum diesel to create a biodiesel blend and can be used in compression ignition (diesel) engines with no major modifications. The oil obtained from the seeds of Pongamia pinnata holds promise as fuel used as alternative for diesel. The plant has a variety of uses, but its economic exploitation has remained neglected for long time. Survey of Pongamia pinnata plant at the study area was conducted during January- September 2007 to know the density of the species and impact of morphological characteristics on the yield efficiency of the species. Since, lot of wasteland (4631 hectares) was found in the study area (Bhadravathi taluk), recognition of the potential use of these species as a source of biofuels and in wasteland reclamation has got promising scope. This paper reflects on the ecological and economical benefits of Pongamia pinnata as an energy source in the study area.

Keywords

Biodiesel, Energy Source, Wasteland, Pongamia pinnata.

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D. Siddaramu ¹, K. Harish Babu ¹, S. Prakash Naik ¹, E. T. Puttaiah ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Environmental Science, Kuvempu University, Shankarghatta-577 451, Dist. Shimoga, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

The occurrence of heavy metals in surface and groundwater samples were measured at 8 sampling points along stretches of Tunga, Bhadra and Tungabhadra rivers of Karnataka. Eighteen surface and 33 groundwater samples were collected and the concentrations of 7 heavy metals (cadmium, nickel, lead, iron, manganese, zinc, copper) were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The concentrations of Cd, Ni, Pb and Cu were well below detectable level (BDL) and only Fe, Mn and Zn were detected in both types of water samples. Concentrations of Zn in both the water samples were well within the permissible limit of drinking water standards. The concentration of Fe in 43 and Mn in 33 water samples in the pre-monsoon, and Fe in 31 and Mn in 9 water samples in the post-monsoon seasons exceeded the permissible limit of drinking water standards. The purpose of this study was to identify distribution of the trace metal contaminants in surface and groundwaters along the river stretch, the findings of which would raise significant ecological and public health concerns.

Keywords

Heavy Metals, Water Pollution, Surface Waters, Groundwaters, Tungabhadra River.

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K. Yogendra ¹, E. T. Puttaiah ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Environmental Science, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577 451, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

The paper presents a factor analysis method which can help in assessing of river water quality. Variations in land-use by the human activity can have profound effects on river water quality. The water quality data collected for Tunga river is analysed in this study by using the factor analysis technique. It is observed that the water quality of this river is much affected by the agricultural pollutants and by urban wastes. In the study, variations in the quality of water in different locations has been observed. The river water quality was strongly affected by non-point sources from agricultural activities and by the urban wastes on the banks as well as along the river bed.

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B. R. Kiran ¹, Aparna Hamsa ¹, E. T. Puttaiah ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Environmental Science, Bio-Science Complex, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577 451, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

In the present study, a total of 15 species of aquatic and marshy amphibious plants belonging to 13 families occurring in the Bhadra Reservoir Project region, Karnataka were found, and their description and economic importance is presented in this paper. Efforts have been made to find out the correct names in accordance with the latest International codes of Botanical nomenclature.

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M. Mamatha ¹, H. B. Aravinda ², E. T. Puttaiah ³, S. Manjappa ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davangere, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davangere, Karnataka, IN
3 Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, IN
4 Department of Chemistry, Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davangere, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

In the recent years, Pongamia pinnata trees are widely grown at farms for its seeds utilised for biofuel activities. Due to the easy availability of this tree bark, it is used as a viable adsorbent for removing some heavy metals from aqueous and waste water. In this context, the adsorption of Zinc on prepared adsorbent is very effective. In this study, investigations were made for the adsorption of zinc ions from aqueous and waste water. Batch adsorption studies to determine the optimum conditions of zinc ion removal were conducted to know the influence of experimental conditions such as pH of the solution, metal ion concentration, amount of adsorbent and contact time at room temperature. The results obtained show that the optimum pH range for the zinc removal is 5 – 5.4 and adsorption percent is higher than 95 %. Kinetic study was also made to determine rate constants.

Keywords

Adsorbent, Adsorption Isotherms, Effluent, Kinetics, Pongamia pinnata, Zinc.

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